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Living apart together
Living Apart Together (abbreviation: LAT) is a term to describe couples who have an intimate relationship but live at separate addresses. LAT couples account for around 10% of adults in Britain, a figure which equates to over a quarter of all those not married or cohabiting. Similar figures are recorded for other countries in northern Europe, including Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden.〔Levin, I. (2004) Living Apart Together: A New Family Form. Current Sociology, 52(2), 223-240.〕〔Haskey, J. (2005) Living arrangements in contemporary Britain: Having a partner who usually lives elsewhere and Living Apart Together (LAT). Population Trends, 122, 35-45.〕 Research suggests similar or even higher rates in southern Europe, although here LAT couples often remain in parental households.〔Duncan, S. & Phillips, M. (2010) People who live apart together (LATs) – how different are they? The Sociological Review, 58(1), 112-134.〕 In Australia, Canada and the US representative surveys indicate that between 6% and 9% of the adult population has a partner who lives elsewhere.〔Reimondos, A., Evans, A. and Gray, E. (2011) Living-apart-together (LAT) Relationships in Australia, Family Matters, Vol. 87: 43-55〕〔Strohm, C., Selzer, J. A., Cochran, S. D., & Mays, V. (2010). “Living apart together” relationships in the United States. Demographic Research, 21(7), 177–214.〕〔Milan, A., & Peters, A. (2003). Couples living apart. Canadian Social Trends, Summer, 2–6.〕 LAT is also increasingly understood and accepted publicly, is seen by most as good enough for partnering, and subject to the same expectations about commitment and fidelity as marriage or cohabitation.〔Duncan, S. & Phillips, M. (2010) People who live apart together (LATs) – how different are they? The Sociological Review, 58(1), 112-134.〕
Within Asia, "walking marriages" have been increasingly common in Beijing. Guo Jianmei, director of the center for women's studies at Beijing University, told a Newsday correspondent, "Walking marriages reflect sweeping changes in Chinese society." A "walking marriage" refers to a type of temporary marriage formed by the Mosuo of China, in which male partners live elsewhere and make nightly visits. A similar arrangement in Saudi Arabia, called misyar marriage, also involves the husband and wife living separately but meeting regularly.
== Research ==
Some researchers have seen living apart together as a historically new family form. From this perspective LAT couples can pursue both the intimacy of being in a couple and at the same time preserve autonomy.〔Levin, I. (2004) Living Apart Together: A New Family Form. Current Sociology, 52(2), 223-240.〕 Some LAT couples may even de-prioritize couple relationships and place more importance on friendship.〔Roseneil, S. (2006) On Not Living with a Partner: Unpicking Coupledom and Cohabitation. Sociological Research Online, 11 (3).〕 Alternatively, others see LAT as just a ‘stage’ on the way to possible cohabitation and marriage. In this view LATs are not radical pioneers moving beyond the family, rather they are cautious and conservative, and simply show a lack of commitment.〔Haskey, J. & Lewis, J. (2006) Living-apart-together in Britain: context and meaning. International Journal of Law in Context, 2(1), 37-48.〕 In addition many may simply be modern versions of ‘steady’ or long term boy/girlfriends.〔Ermisch, J. & Siedler, T. (2009) Living Apart Together. IN Brynin, M. & Ermisch, J. (Eds.) Changing Relationships. New York and London, Routledge.〕 Research using more comprehensive data suggests LAT couples are a heterogeneous social category with varying motivations for living apart.〔Duncan, S. & Phillips, M. (2010) People who live apart together (LATs) – how different are they? The Sociological Review, 58(1), 112-134.〕 About a third see their relationship as too early for cohabitation, while others are prevented from living together, although they wish to do so, because of constraints like housing costs or (more rarely) job location. Many, however, prefer not to live together even though they have a long term relationship and could do so if they wanted. In practice motivations are often complex, for example one partner might wish to preserve the family home for existing children while the other might welcome autonomous time and space. Sometimes ‘preference’ can have a defensive motivation, for example the emotional desire to avoid the recurrence of a failed or unpleasant cohabiting relationship. Overall, LAT couples may be ‘gladly apart; ‘regretfully apart’ or, for many, undecided and ambivalent where they experience both advantages and disadvantages.〔Roseneil, S. (2006) On Not Living with a Partner: Unpicking Coupledom and Cohabitation. Sociological Research Online, 11 (3).〕
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